Types of swearing - informative, sociative, and emotive

• Informative: conveys information (propositional)
• Sociative (non-propositional)
  • Oath-making, e.g. I swear to God I almost laughed myself to death
  • Cursing
  • Invectives: demeaning
    • Slurs
      • Name-calling: to someone’s face
      • Pejorative: third person
    • Maledictives: other forms of verbal abuse, e.g. piss off, fuck off, fuck that shit
  • Bonding: indicator of casual relationship
• Emotive (non-propositional)
  • Emphatic
  • Exclamatory